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''ドイツ語:Die Walküre'' (''The Valkyrie''), WWV 86B, is an opera in three acts by Richard Wagner with a German libretto by the composer. It is the second of the four operas that form Wagner's cycle ''Der Ring des Nibelungen'' (''The Ring of the Nibelung''). The story of the opera is based on the Norse mythology told in the ''Volsunga Saga'' and the ''Poetic Edda''.〔Roberta Frank (2005). "Wagner's Ring, North-by-Northwest", ''University of Toronto Quarterly'', vol. 74, pp. 671–676.〕〔Stanley R. Hauer (1991). "Wagner and the Völospá" , ''19th-Century Music'', vol. 15, pp. 52–63.〕 In Norse mythology, a valkyrie is one in a group of female figures who decide which soldiers die in battle and which live. ''ドイツ語:Die Walküres best-known excerpt is the "Ride of the Valkyries". It received its premiere at the Königliches Hof- und National-Theater in Munich on 26 June 1870. Wagner originally intended the opera to be premiered as part of the entire cycle, but was forced to allow the performance at the insistence of his patron King Ludwig II of Bavaria. It was first presented as part of the complete cycle on 14 August 1876 at Wagner's Bayreuth Festival. The opera made its United States premiere at the Academy of Music in New York on 2 April 1877.〔''The Victor Book of the Opera'', 10th edition, 1936〕 == Composition == Although ''ドイツ語:Die Walküre'' is the second of the ''Ring'' operas, it was the third in order of conception. Wagner worked backwards from planning an opera about Siegfried's death, then deciding he needed another opera to tell of Siegfried's youth, then deciding he needed to tell the tale of Siegfried's conception and of Brünnhilde's attempts to save Siegfried's parents, and finally deciding he also needed a prelude that told of the original theft of the Rheingold and the creation of the ring. Wagner intermingled development of the text of these last two planned operas, i.e. ''ドイツ語:Die Walküre'', originally entitled ''ドイツ語:Siegmund und Sieglinde: der Walküre Bestrafung'' ("Siegmund and Sieglinde: the Valkyrie's Punishment") and what became ''Das Rheingold''. Wagner had first written of his intention to create a trilogy of operas in the August 1851 draft of "ドイツ語:Eine Mittheilung an meine Freunde" (A Communication to My Friends), but did not produce any sketches of the plot of ''Siegmund and Sieglinde'' until November. The following summer, Wagner and his wife rented the Pension Rinderknecht, a pied-à-terre on the Zürichberg (now Hochstrasse 56–58 in Zürich). There he worked on the prose draft of ''ドイツ語:Die Walküre'', an extended description of the story including dialogue between 17 and 26 May 1852 and the verse draft between 1 June and 1 July. It was between these drafts that Wagner decided not to introduce Wotan in act 1, instead leaving the sword the god had been going to bring on stage already embedded in the tree before the action starts.〔Deryck Cooke, 1979, ''I Saw the World End'', London, Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-315318-1, pp. 292–294.〕 The fair copy of the text was completed by 15 December 1852. Even before the text of the ''Ring'' was finalised, Wagner had begun to sketch some of the music. On 23 July 1851 he wrote down on a loose sheet of paper what was to become the best-known leitmotif in the entire cycle: the theme from the "Ride of the Valkyries" (''ドイツ語:Walkürenritt''). Other early sketches for ''ドイツ語:Die Walküre'' were made in the summer of 1852. But it was not until 28 June 1854 that Wagner began to transform these into a complete draft of all three acts of the opera. This preliminary draft (''ドイツ語:Gesamtentwurf'') was completed by 27 December 1854. Much of the work of this stage of development of the opera overlapped with work on the final orchestral version of ''ドイツ語:Das Rheingold''. As Wagner had included some indication of the orchestration in the draft, he decided to move straight on to developing a full orchestral score in January 1855 without bothering to write an intermediate instrumentation draft as he had done for ''ドイツ語:Das Rheingold''. This was a decision he was soon to regret, as numerous interruptions including a four-month visit to London made the task of orchestrating more difficult than he had expected. If he allowed too much time to elapse between the initial drafting of a passage and its later elaboration, he found that he could not remember how he had intended to orchestrate the draft. Consequently some passages had to be composed again from scratch. Wagner, nevertheless, persevered with the task and the full score was finally completed on 20 March 1856. The fair copy was begun on 14 July 1855 in the Swiss resort of Seelisberg, where Wagner and his wife spent a month. It was completed in Zürich on 23 March 1856, just three days after the completion of the full score. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Die Walküre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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